Biomass Archive

Within the last few days its come to light that Sweden in 2009 used more biomass plus bioenergy as well as wood pellets than oil. Sweden for the last 20 years has been a very pro-active European country to lower their carbon emissions plus use more local along with greener fuel resources. This has lead to more energy been sourced in Sweden than any supplementary country, with just over 30% of their fuel coming from wood plus wood pellets.

This means Sweden is already far ahead of other European targets to lower carbon emissions. Sweden is also seeing many economic payback to supporting green energy. The forestry industry in Sweden is supported well by the high demand for biomass fibre and waste from forestry and timber production. More European and foreign countries necessitate to look at Sweden as an instance where is the government and industry is all working towards the same aims, how progress really can be made, in addition to constructed quickly.

One of the key areas where Sweden has driven the bioenergy marketplace is in the generation of heat and power. By warmth, many communities in Sweden are heated on the other hand a central heating system, and in Sweden in many cases a biomass pellet boiler provides this warmth. Residents then pay a monthly heat bill the same as paying the power corporation each month. The advantages of this system are efficiency and reduced individual maintenance.

Due to using one large biomass pellet boiler as apposed to using smaller individual boilers, it is probable to get better warmth recovery. Also, one of the factors that put of probable wood pellet clients is the work required to clean the pellet burner. Using a central boiler unit, staff can quickly clean the wood pellet boiler plus the residents wouldn?t even know the difference from using oil or gas, apart from the fact their monthly heating bills are much less.

So people still fail to see the benefits of wood pellets, compared to using simply logs or wood chip. When they look at the process they simply state that less fuel is used to manufacture a log or biomass chip as apposed to processing into a pellet for combustion, as the energy content is the same. Well the fact is it all comes down to efficiency, warmth recovery along with practicality.

You simply cannot achieve the same heat output by means of logs as well as biomass chips as you can by biomass pellets. Much of this comes down to a very easy feature of logs along with biomass chip, which is a high moisture content. Water visibly doesn?t burn, as well as most log in addition to biomass chip fuels still contain around 30% as apposed to biomass pellets which contain on average around only 8%.

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So what is a pellet mill, well put simply it is a piece of equipment used to compress various materials into pellet form. Once in pellet form, these pellets can be used for a variety of purposes. They can be used for fuel or animal feed, even horse bedding.

So what materials can be compressed into the pellet form? Well the choice is pretty much endless as long as the material can be compressed it can form a pellet. To help the material hold the pellet shape in some cases pellet binders are used, such as corn starch.

Originally the pellet mill was designed to process animal feed into pellets. In pellet form it is much easier to manage the diet of the animals, and feed them the right vitamins and minerals. It is also much easier to ration out the correct amount of feed each day.

When in the 70′s the price of fossil fuels when to new highs, a group of animal feed produces started to produce wood fuel pellets, and helped to develop the first wood pellet stoves. The market was proving successful, however once the price of oil dropped back down, the wood pellet market went into obscurity.

However since oil prices have started to rise again, and there are many environmental concerns over the use of fossil fuels, the wood pellet market is growing year on year. In Sweden for example, wood pellets are one the main types of home heating fuel.

The pellet mill works through a process of compression and heat. A die template has a series of holes where the pellet is formed. There are then a series of rollers, which sit on the surface of the die to compress the material through the holes. This action produces enormous amounts of heat, which in turn melts the natural lignin of the wood to produce a pellet.

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Wood Pellets are a unknown to many people, and a fuel source some people use every day, but what are wood pellets. Well, to put it simply wood pellets are a compressed form of a variety of woody bio-products from timber processing.

So how are wood pellets made? Well, the main piece of equipment used is known as a pellet mill, but also known by names such as a pellet press or pellet machine. The all work under than same principle of heating and then compressing the wood into pellet form.

The type of sawdust that can be used to make wood pellets is quite general, for example it could be softwood or hardwood in origin, and some wood pellets are a mixture of the two. Different types of wood do burn differently, and produce different levels of ash content.

So how can wood pellets be used to heat your home or business? Well firstly it depends on the size of the property and space that needs to be heated. For smaller properties a pellet stove can be used to heat one or several moderately size rooms.

If a pellet stove is just too small to heat the space you have a wood pellet boiler maybe more suitable. Wood pellet boilers are based on the same wood pellet burning principles, the scale is just increased. For example wood pellet boilers have much large burn pots.

At this point you maybe very interested in moving to wood pellets and dropping your existing oil or gas based heating system, but may still have concerns over maintenance. Wood pellets actually require very little work. Cleaning the pellet burner once a week is generally sufficient and some pellet burners actually clean themselves. As the ash from burning the wood pellets is so minimal, you will only have to empty the ash draw once a week.

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Going back to wood energy after our heavy dependence on oil and gas may seem like a backwards step to some people, however this is not the case with wood pellets. Wood pellets are a highly efficient and low maintenance form of wood heating.

Firstly, as suitable source of wood is found to produce the wood pellets from. Depending on the type of wood available the wood pellets will have a certain market value. For example hardwood sawdust generally produces the highest quality and most expensive wood pellets.

Care must be used in sourcing suitable wood for wood pellet production. At the final end of the process the pellet mill is a delicate and sensitive piece of equipment, not to mention one of the most expensive pieces of equipment. Therefore all metal and stone must be removed.

One of the first steps in the pellet production process is to reduce the wood into small particles of a consistent size, usually 5mm in diameter. This is achieved with the use of a hammer mill or a shredder. A cyclone then separates the particles from the air stream.

One thing you do not want is a raw material with a high percentage of moisture, firstly because it creates a poor fuel and secondly it cannot actually be compressed into pellet form. Therefore the wood must be dried before it can be used in the wood pellet mill.

After drying and going through the hammer mill to create a uniform particle size, the wood is then ready for the wood pellet mill. The wood pellet mills is comprised of a set of rollers which compress the wood through a die template with holes. As the wood is forced through the die, this generates immense heat and pressure which effectively melts the wood, which can then be reformed into wood pellets. The wood pellets leave very hot, and must cool.

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Technorati Tags: Biomass, energy, environment, fuel, Green Energy, Wood Pellets